The Achilles tendon is a strong band of tissue that connects the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) to the heel bone. It plays a critical role in movement, helping to absorb shock during walking or running and using that energy to propel the body forward or upward. Injuries to the Achilles tendon can range from mild strains to complete ruptures.
Types of Achilles Tendon Injuries:
- Achilles Tendon Strain: This is when the tendon is overstretched, causing micro-tears in the fibers. It’s often caused by repetitive use or sudden, intense physical activity.
- Achilles Tendon Tear/Rupture: This is a more severe injury where the tendon fibers tear partially or completely, causing a significant loss of function.
Common Causes:
- Sports activities: Sprinting, jumping, and pivoting, especially in sports like basketball, football, tennis, or running.
- Sudden movements: A sudden change in direction or an explosive sprint can put a significant load on the Achilles tendon, leading to an injury.
- Overuse: Chronic overuse can cause tendonitis or micro-tears in the tendon.
Symptoms of Achilles Tendon Strain/Tear:
- Audible “pop” or “snap”: Often heard when the tendon ruptures completely.
- Sharp pain: Sudden sharp pain in the back of the ankle, especially during exertion or movement.
- Difficulty walking: Pain when walking, particularly when bearing weight on the affected leg.
- Weakness: Difficulty running, jumping, or pushing off the affected foot.
- Swelling and bruising: Swelling around the ankle, possibly with bruising around the Achilles tendon area.
- Inability to bear weight: In cases of complete rupture, there may be a complete loss of function in the ankle, making it impossible to stand or walk normally.
Management of Achilles Tendon Strain/Tear:
Immediate Care (RICE Protocol):
- Rest: Avoid putting weight on the injured leg to prevent further strain.
- Ice: Apply ice to the affected area to reduce swelling and pain. Avoid placing the ice directly on the skin; use a cloth or towel.
- Compression: Use a bandage or wrap to control swelling.
- Elevation: Raise the foot above the level of the heart to help reduce swelling.
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